A pinhole camera is the simplest form of camera. It works without a lens. Instead, light enters through a tiny hole and projects an image onto a surface inside a light-tight box. Here is the basic idea. Light travels in straight lines. When it passes through a very small hole, the rays cross and form an upside-down image on the opposite side of the box. Place photographic paper, film, or a digital sensor there to capture the picture.

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Because the design is so simple, a pinhole camera can be made from almost anything. A biscuit tin, cardboard box, coffee can, matchbox, or even a shoebox will work, as long as no light leaks in. The pinhole is usually made by piercing thin metal foil with a fine needle, then covering the opening in the container.

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Exposure times are longer than in normal photography, often producing soft, dreamy images with a distinctive character.